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Patrick Ryan Williams's Snapshots

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  1. Eloy

    Eloy by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Mejia - Ladera Sector by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Sacando notas

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  2. Cloud tracks

    Cloud tracks by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Temple of Picchu Picchu, Cerro Baul, Moquegua, Peru by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Clouds passing overhead created a differential exposure in this part of the image. The underexposed area highlights the ancient processional path down into the sunken court, up to the intermediate platform, and finally to the top of the two-tiered elevated platform, an orientation directly in line with the Picchu Picchu volcano.

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  3. Miniature pilgrim's offering

    Miniature pilgrim's offering by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Temple of Picchu Picchu, Cerro Baul, Moquegua, Peru by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Pilgrims come to the summit of Cerro Baul and build small models in stone of their wish from the apu. It usually consists of a house, corrals with pebble animals, agricultural fields, etc... Unwittingly, they are dismantling the archaeological site in this area by robbing stones from the ancient architecture.

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  4. Staircase at the top of the mountain

    Staircase at the top of the mountain by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Temple of Picchu Picchu, Cerro Baul, Moquegua, Peru by Patrick Ryan Williams

    A staircase opposite the platform which leads down a terraced hillside into the sunken plaza below. It forms an alignment with the platform staircase to the volcanic peaks on the horizon.

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  5. Stairway to Heaven

    Stairway to Heaven by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Temple of Picchu Picchu, Cerro Baul, Moquegua, Peru by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Four steps to the top of the two-tiered platform on which the rites of propitiation of the Apu Picchu Picchu likely took place. It lines up in a processional orientation with the volcanic peaks and a staircase at the foot of the observer in this photo.

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  6. Nevado Picchu Picchu

    Nevado Picchu Picchu by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Temple of Picchu Picchu, Cerro Baul, Moquegua, Peru by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Snowcapped peak on the Moquegua-Arequipa border to which the Wari dedicated and oriented this temple.

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  7. Nevado Arundane

    Nevado Arundane by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Temple of Arundane at Cerro Baul, Moquegua, Peru by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Snowcapped volcanic peak to which the temple is oriented.

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  8. Front facing deity

    Front facing deity by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Ponce Monolith Profile by Patrick Ryan Williams

    A principal icon in Tiwanaku art and architecture

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  9. Cerro Cutimbo Grande

    Cerro Cutimbo Grande by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan South Vista Cerro Cutimbo by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Volcanic rock outcrops used in construction of ancient monuments and funerary structures.

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  10. Hand

    Hand by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Ponce Monolith Frontal by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Reverse of anatomical position, reflecting supernatural affiliation or alterity?

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  11. zoomorphic figure carved in chullpa

    zoomorphic figure carved in chullpa by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Chullpas on Cerro Cutimbo by Patrick Ryan Williams

    a mountain cat or puma figure

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  12. Attendant profile figure

    Attendant profile figure by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Tiwanaku Gateway of the Sun by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Anthropomorphic condor in profile position holding staff.

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  13. Semisubterranean Temple

    Semisubterranean Temple by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Tiwanaku from the Akapana by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Likely erected in the Formative Period, the sunken courts contains tenon heads in the walls perhaps representative of ethnic ancestors.

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  14. Putuni

    Putuni by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Tiwanaku from the Akapana by Patrick Ryan Williams

    An elite palace structure

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  15. Ponce Monolith

    Ponce Monolith by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Tiwanaku from the Akapana by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Volcanic stone figure of a Tiwanaku elite over 3 meters tall. Click to explore in detail.

    www.gigapan.org/viewGigapan.php?id=28208

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  16. Gateway of the Sun

    Gateway of the Sun by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Tiwanaku from the Akapana by Patrick Ryan Williams

    The iconic sun gate in the Kalasasaya at Tiwanaku.
    To explore in detail see:
    www.gigapan.org/viewGigapan.php?id=28209

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  17. Wari aqueduct ruins

    Wari aqueduct ruins by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Mejia - Ladera Sector by Patrick Ryan Williams

    The ruins of an aqueduct that carried water from the main Wari canal to the knoll capped by a ritual platform opposite.

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  18. Colonial-Historic Road

    Colonial-Historic Road by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Mejia - Ladera Sector by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Road bed constructed in the Colonial-Historic Period (1600-1900 AD) no longer in use.

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  19. Wari canal

    Wari canal by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Mejia - Ladera Sector by Patrick Ryan Williams

    The linear feature at the snapshot center is one of the best preserved segments of the main Wari canal on the site and in the region in general. Williams (1997) excavated the canal and estimated its discharge at this point at 400 liters per second, making it one of the largest prehispanic or modern canals in the region.

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  20. Wari canal and terraces

    Wari canal and terraces by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Mejia - Ladera Sector by Patrick Ryan Williams

    It takes a trained eye to make out the Wari canal at the top of the snapshot and the horizontal linear features that are the remains of Wari agricultural terraces that once covered the lower half of this mountainside.

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  21. Wari canal

    Wari canal by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Mejia - Ladera Sector by Patrick Ryan Williams

    The main Wari canal irrigating the slopes of Cerro Mejia passed along this rock face. The remains of retaining walls can be noted in the bottom half of the snapshot.

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  22. Defensive Wall

    Defensive Wall by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Mejia - Ladera Sector by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Part of the defensive wall that rings the summit of the Mejia mountain, separating the elite architecture on the summit from the domestic terracing on the slopes.

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  23. Archaeologists

    Archaeologists by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Mejia - Summit Sector by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Donna Nash and Larry Coben explore the ruins of Unit 145, a patio compound excavated by Nash in 2000.

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  24. Wari aqueduct

    Wari aqueduct by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Mejia - El Paso Sector by Patrick Ryan Williams

    A major Wari aqueduct crossed the pass between Cerros Baul and Mejia at this point. It was paved over by a colonial road. Excavations by Williams, Dayton, and Moseley recovered carbon in the construction fill for the canal base that dates the construction or reconstruction of a part of this canal to AD 700.

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  25. Fragments of the Wari canal

    Fragments of the Wari canal by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Mejia - El Paso Sector by Patrick Ryan Williams

    This linear of stones was the face of the principal Wari canal. It bifurcated at the divide between Cerros Mejia and Baul, and this main channel irrigated the slopes of Cerro Baul on the Tumilaca side of the ridge several kilometers below.

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  26. Remnants of an aqueduct

    Remnants of an aqueduct by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Mejia - El Paso Sector by Patrick Ryan Williams

    This aqueduct was probably abandoned around 900 AD with the construction of the Tiwanaku templete just to the south of this spot. It originally brought water from the Wari canal to circumnavigate the knoll with the platform just uphill.

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  27. Domestic house unit 48

    Domestic house unit 48 by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Tumilaca Valley from la Chimba by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Excavated in 2006, this structure, about 2m square, was a room in a Tumilaca house dating to ca. 1000 AD. A small cooking hearth was located outside its front wall, and a pair of storage bins made of adobe were discovered in the NW corner.

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  28. High Terraces

    High Terraces by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Inka Terraces at Lamasana by Patrick Ryan Williams

    These high terraces mark the point where the canal that followed the contour along this slope meets the ridgeline and becomes a ridgetop canal.

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  29. Domestic Terrace Profile Cala 5

    Domestic Terrace Profile Cala 5 by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Baul, East side by Patrick Ryan Williams

    A profile cleaned here in 1998 revealed evidence for Middle Horizon domestic occupation.

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  30. Domestic Terrace Cala 1

    Domestic Terrace Cala 1 by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Baul, East side by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Excavations by Donna Nash in 1998 during the Cerro Baul project revealed evidence for Middle Horizon domestic structures in this area.

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  31. Tercera Muralla

    Tercera Muralla by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Baul, East side by Patrick Ryan Williams

    The third major defensive wall that crosses the town on the eastern access to the summit.

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  32. Staircase

    Staircase by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Baul, East side by Patrick Ryan Williams

    This entire dry quebrada (river bed) was built into a long staircase that provided access between different parts of the hillside town and facilitated access to the summit.

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  33. Segunda Muralla

    Segunda Muralla by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Baul, East side by Patrick Ryan Williams

    A large defensive wall that divides the town on the access path. Below the wall, Tiwanaku habitation contexts prevail. Above the wall, Wari associated domestic refuse is found.

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  34. La Muralla

    La Muralla by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Cerro Baul, East side by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Large wall crossing the access path, east of which archaeologists excavated Late Tiwanaku (Tumilaca) domestic habitation.

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  35. Drop canal and two terraces

    Drop canal and two terraces by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Camata Terraces by Patrick Ryan Williams

    The hydraulic structure of the Inka system is well preserved on the surface. Here, a drop canal structure passes by two preserved terraces of about 1 meter in height.

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  36. Cerro Baul: Masada of the Andes

    Cerro Baul: Masada of the Andes by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Camata Qolqa by Patrick Ryan Williams

    In addition to its role as a Wari provincial capital and ritual center (600-1000 AD), Cerro Baul (Cochuna) was also the likely refuge of local settlers against the Inka conquest. Garcilaso de la Vega reports the local population held out against the Inca onslaught on Cerro Cochuna for 54 days, before running out of food and water. They sent their children down to beg for leniency and the Inka empire welcomed them as subjects.

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  37. Inka Tambo at Camata

    Inka Tambo at Camata by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Torata Valley Sites from Camata by Patrick Ryan Williams

    The Inka site of Camata Tambo contains a kallanka and over 30 storage structures.

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  38. Wari Ritual Water Platform

    Wari Ritual Water Platform by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Torata Valley Sites from Camata by Patrick Ryan Williams

    A large stone platform that marks the point the ancient Wari canal bifurcated into two major branches and changes from a contour to a ridgetop canal.

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  39. San Antonio

    San Antonio by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Torata Valley Sites from Camata by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Estuquina site (11250-1450 AD) excavated by the Proyecto Osmore and published by Geoff Conrad et al.

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  40. Torata Alta

    Torata Alta by Patrick Ryan Williams from the GigaPan Torata Valley Sites from Camata by Patrick Ryan Williams

    Inka-Colonial Period site excavated by the Bodegas Project in the 1980s (P. Rice, director).

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