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Cliff Palace by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Cliff Palace by Rick Braveheart
Cliff Palace in Mesa Verde National Park (Colorado) is the largest cliff dwelling in North America. It was built between 1190-1260 A.D. and contains 150 rooms.
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Wooden Beams by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Cliff Palace by Rick Braveheart
Wooden beams, like those protruding from the wall of this tower were used to support interior floors and also roofs. These wooden beams, many of which are still original, have proven helpful in determining the age of the buildings.
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Storage Rooms by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Cliff Palace by Rick Braveheart
Cliff Palace contains nine storage rooms intentionally built into the ceiling of the alchove away from rodents and children. These rooms, used to store food were accessed via tall wooden ladders.
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Terrace by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Cliff Palace by Rick Braveheart
Residents of Cliff Palace worked and gathered on the site's rooftops, terraces, courtyards and plaza.
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Kiva by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Cliff Palace by Rick Braveheart
Cliff Palace contains 21 round shaped rooms known as kivas or ceremonial chambers. Kivas were the site of ceremonies and social gatherings for the community,
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Living Rooms by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Cliff Palace by Rick Braveheart
Cliff Palace once housed 25-30 living rooms where families lived, slept, ate and cooked. These living rooms which would accomodate 3-4 people measure 6x8 feet and are less than 8 feet tall.
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Waiting for the Tour by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Cliff Palace by Rick Braveheart
Park visitors gather at an overlook hundreds of feet above Cliff Palace waiting to begin a Ranger-led tour of the cliff dwelling.
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Round Tower by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Cliff Palace by Rick Braveheart
Cliff Palace features several towers including this circular shaped tower. At one time this tower was surrounded by nearby rooms and walls of other towers.
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Tower by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Cliff Palace by Rick Braveheart
Cliff Palace features several rectangular and round shaped multistory towers.This one was built with great care and attention to details, and extends from floor to the ceiling of the alcove. It also contains a T-shaped entryway at the top which was popular with many of the Mesa Verde builders.
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Visitor by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Cliff Palace by Rick Braveheart
Visitors on Ranger-led tour making a photo.
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Tour by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Cliff Palace by Rick Braveheart
Park visitors on Ranger-led tour
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Glyph by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Petroglyph Point - Mesa Verde National Park by Rick Braveheart
Glyph
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Animals by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Petroglyph Point - Mesa Verde National Park by Rick Braveheart
Animals
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Family by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Petroglyph Point - Mesa Verde National Park by Rick Braveheart
Family
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Petroglyph1 by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Petroglyph Point - Mesa Verde National Park by Rick Braveheart
Birds/hand
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Dwelling Entrance by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Spruce Tree House - Mesa Verde National Park by Rick Braveheart
Entrance to Spruce Tree House is made by following a gradually descending path leading from the park museum 150 feet above.
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Original Materials by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Spruce Tree House - Mesa Verde National Park by Rick Braveheart
Roughly 90 percent of Spruce Tree House is original and no reconstruction has been done to areas that were already in ruin when it was first excavated.
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Drain by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Spruce Tree House - Mesa Verde National Park by Rick Braveheart
Modern drains such as this and installed by the National Park Service help direct rainwater away from hiking paths.
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Self-Guided Tour by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Spruce Tree House - Mesa Verde National Park by Rick Braveheart
Unlike other cliff dwellings in the park, visitors are free to tour Spruce Tree House on their own. Park Rangers are available to answer questions.
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Original Support Beam by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Spruce Tree House - Mesa Verde National Park by Rick Braveheart
Many of the original support beams from early A.D. 1200 which were used to support roofs can be found in many kivas.
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Doorway by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Spruce Tree House - Mesa Verde National Park by Rick Braveheart
Entrance into rooms was made through T-shaped and rectangular doorways. During Winter, animal hides or thin rock slabs were stretched across doorways to keep cold out.
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Courtyard by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Spruce Tree House - Mesa Verde National Park by Rick Braveheart
This courtyard is similar to most found in the various cliff dwellings. The poles seen near the bottom is the supporting poles of a ladder descending into a kiva below.
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Spruce Tree House by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Spruce Tree House - Mesa Verde National Park by Rick Braveheart
The third largest cliff dwelling in Mesa Verde National Park, Spruce Tree House built between A.D. 1200 and 1276 contains 114 rooms.
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Raised Floor by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Freeman School Beatrice Nebraska (circa 1872) by Rick Braveheart
A teacher normally set upon a raised floor to see students better. It could also be used as a stage for performances.
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Teachjer's Desk by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Freeman School Beatrice Nebraska (circa 1872) by Rick Braveheart
A teacher's desk with typical supplies used in the 1880's including handheld bell, ink pens and ink, card box for keeping attendance, etc.
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Desk and Seat by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Freeman School Beatrice Nebraska (circa 1872) by Rick Braveheart
A traditional hardwood school desk with fold down seat.
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Stover by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Freeman School Beatrice Nebraska (circa 1872) by Rick Braveheart
The wood fired stove was also used to heat the room and provide hot water.
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Low Table by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Freeman School Beatrice Nebraska (circa 1872) by Rick Braveheart
A low table with small chairs used by the youngest students.
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Chalk boards by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Freeman School Beatrice Nebraska (circa 1872) by Rick Braveheart
Chalk boards and chalk were used for practing lessons.
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School Textbook by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Freeman School Beatrice Nebraska (circa 1872) by Rick Braveheart
The McGuffey's Reader (this one from 1880) was the textbook series from which most Americans learned to read and write between the mid-1800's to mid-1900's.
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Photo by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Freeman School Beatrice Nebraska (circa 1872) by Rick Braveheart
Photo of Abraham Lincoln who signed the Homestead Act into Law in 1862.
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SCHOOL BELL by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Freeman School Beatrice Nebraska (circa 1872) by Rick Braveheart
Used tfrom 1876 to 1867.
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Palmer-Epard Cabin, circa 1867 by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Heritage Center - Homestead National Monument of America, Nebraska by Rick Braveheart
Built in 1867 from mixed hardwoods, by George W. Palmer and measuring only 14x16 feet in size, this wood cabin represents a local home style that was considered luxurious.
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Living Wall by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Heritage Center - Homestead National Monument of America, Nebraska by Rick Braveheart
The Living Wall represents the more than 30 states in which federal land was offered to homesteaders.
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Do You Live Near a Homestead by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Heritage Center - Homestead National Monument of America, Nebraska by Rick Braveheart
Explanation of the states in which federal land was available for homesteading.
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Roof design by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Heritage Center - Homestead National Monument of America, Nebraska by Rick Braveheart
The upward curving roof was designed to resemble a plow blade used for cutting the sod used for constructing most dwellings in the area.
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Welcome by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Heritage Center - Homestead National Monument of America, Nebraska by Rick Braveheart
Window sign
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Homestead National Monument of America by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Heritage Center - Homestead National Monument of America, Nebraska by Rick Braveheart
Building sign
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Heritage Center by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Heritage Center - Homestead National Monument of America, Nebraska by Rick Braveheart
Constructed in 2007, the Heritage Center provides exhibits and educational programs on the significance of the Homestead Act on America's westward expansion in the late-1800's and early 1900's.
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Osprey Island by Rick Braveheart from the GigaPan Whiskeytown National Recreation Center, Whiskeytown California by Rick Braveheart
Formerly the top of a ridge until the valley was flooded to create Whiskeytown Lake. Now home to several pairs of nesting osprey.
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